Course Credit: 3 units

Monsoon Asia. This section consists of lectures about some geographical aspects of the region, the common as well as different physical features which have shaped monsoon Asia. River valleys, separated one civilization from another, as did islands. However, mountain tribes who regard the mountains as their home and the sea nomads who are children of the sea were those who traversed the different river valleys and islands.

A short introduction is necessary to deal with geological factors such as the sunken ‘Sunda" continent, the existence of volcanoes, the Wallace line, to explain the physical subdivisions of the single ocean, the existence of gold mines and other minerals such as copper and tin, oil resources, precious stones, etc.

Trade and emporiums. The dynamics of trade and shipping is dealt with by concentrating on the following topics: (1) Overland as well as sea-borne trade routes, enabling the movement of commodities such as silk and cotton, spices, ceramics, forest and sea products, gold and precious stones, etc. (2) Different networks of traders: Hakka, Hokkien, Gujerati, Arabs, Persians, Armenians, Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutch, British, American (New England), Japanese, etc. Indigenous trade and shipping is also taken into consideration, e.g. Malays, Makassareseb and Buginese, Minangkabau, etc.

Lecture 1. Monsoon - the environment and life (4 ½ hrs). Topics are on the hanging habagat at

amihan, Wallace line, flora, and fauna, dry zones, great rivers

Lecture 2. The Austronesian voyages – maritime people, languages and cultures (3 hrs). Topics on

pangayaw, tabu, tiangge, outrigger canoes, trade, traders, commodies

Lecture 3. Port-polities (3 ½ hrs). Topics on redistributive center, entrepôt, datuship, sultanate,

kingdom

Lecture 4. Diet and culinary culture (3 hrs). Topics on the patis/bagoong, sago, rice, tubers, the

raw and the cooked Note: the remaining hours will be used for students’ activities.

Lectures totaling sixteen hours (16 hrs.) shall present an integrated approach in discussing various traditional and contemporary cultural expressions in Southeast Asia. Aspects of music, dance, theatre, literature and religious beliefs shall be woven together to demonstrate the inter-relationship of art with other aspects of culture. The topic on cultural expressions, religions & beliefs shall cover five sub-themes. Some flexibility in the choice of specific Southeast Asian forms will provide more interest and variety to the content of the course. Students will be required to pass two major tests as well as to participate in a "Cultural Program" as culminating activity of the class.

Lecture 1: Overview of Southeast Asian cultural expressions

Lecture 2: Ritual Drama

Suggested illustrations: Feast of a Saint (Sto. Nino’s Sinulog of Cebu);

Balinese Ketchak; Traditional games (e.g. Thai sepak takraw)

Lecture 3: Shadow Puppet Theatre, marionette

Suggested illustrations: Javanese Wayang Kulit, Burmese Marionettes

Lecture 4: Court Traditions and Islamic influenced genres

Lecture 5: Contemporary Forms

Suggested illustrations: Indonesian Popular Music

Lecture 1. Overview of the topics (3 hours)

Lecture 2. The Austronesians (1 ½ hours). Approaches to the study, origins (physical and geographic), language, writing system, context and characteristics of the period of the Austronesians’ origins, theories on the Austronesian origins: Mainland Origin Hypothesis and Island Origin Hypothesis, and the contemporary Austronesians.

Lecture 3. Customs and Practices (3 hours). Material Culture (structures of houses and temples, furniture and lighting, care of the hair and body, clothing, textile production and trade, gold and silver workings, craft specialization, ceramics, metal working) and Life Cycles wherein customs and values will be discussed in the context of the socialization process related to the different stages in an individual’s life in a particular community/society (e.g. birth, childhood, adolescence, marriage, death) . Suggested topics, a) circumcision among Southeast Asians, b) rice as staff of Filipino life, c) betel as social lubricant, symbol of peace and conflict, as well as medicine, among Southeast Asians. Activity for students, for example, demonstration of betel nut preparation.

Lecture 4. Artifacts and Monuments (3 hours). Illustrating concept of power and mandala, role of trade, religion and economics, implications of presence and absence of monoliths/architectural and engineering wonders

Lecture 5. Leadership (1 ½ hours). The shifts in the interpretation of established concepts involving national sovereignty, e.g. human rights, international crime as shown in the plans and programs, and responses to problems of known Southeast Asian leaders (e.g. Rama V Mahathir Mohammad, Ferdinand Marcos, Lee Kuan Yew, Ho Chi Minh, etc.).

Lecture 6. Recent Developments in Regional Cooperation (1 ½ hours). Context, problems encountered, need for organization (SEATO, MAPHILINDO, ASEAN, NAM, AFTA), objectives and successes.

Baradas, David. 1998. "Building with bamboo", in KTSFP Vol. 1 Pp. 192-193.

Gonzales, N.V.M., 1998. "Islands", in KTSFP Vol. 1 Pp. 34-35.

Lucero, Rosario Cruz. 1998. "How the world began"’ in Kasaysayan The Story of the Filipino People (KTSFP) Vol. 1 Pp. 22-23

Punongbayan, Raymundo S. 1998. "Fountains of fire", in KTSFP Vol. 1. Pp. 91-97, 100-123

Punongbayan, Raymundo S. 1998. Waters that shape the land, ", in KTSFP Vol. 1 Pp. 125-133, 136-147.

Ronquillo, Wilfredo P. 1998. "Corridor to the archipelago", in KTSFP Vol. 2 Pp. 37-41, 44-49

Severino, Horacio. 1998. "A home in the past", in KTSFP Vol. 1 Pp 134-135.

Zayas, Cynthia Neri. 1996. "Kapaligiran, kabuhayan at komunidad ng Ivatan" (Environment subsistence and community among the Ivatans), in IPEG 2.

_________. 1995. "Sa pagitan ng tubig at lupa: Ilang nowts sa Badjau ng Bongao at Sanga-sanga" (Between land and water: some notes on Badjau in Bongao and Sanga-sanga) in IPEG 1.

__________. 1994. "Pangayaw and Tumandok in the Maritime World of the Visayas Islands", in

VMAS I. Pp.

__________. 1999. "Tungo sa maritimong oryentasyon sa pag-aaral ng lipunan at Kulturang Pilipino" (Towards maritime orientation in the study Philippine Society and culture), in Archipelagic Studies – Charting New Waters. Diliman: U.P. edited by J. Batongbakal. CIDS, U.P. Press.

Bellwood, Peter (1999). "Southeast Asia before history", in Nicholas Tarling (ed.) The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia Vol. 1 Pp. 55-136.

_______. 1999. "Tungo sa maritimong oryentasyon sa pag-aaral ng lipunan at Kulturang Pilipino" (Towards maritime orientation in the study Philippine Society and culture), in Archipelagic Studies – Charting New Waters. Diliman: University of the Philippines. edited by J. Batongbakal. CIDS, U.P. Press.

Rodriguez, Felice Noelle R. 1998. Indigenous society, in KTSFP Vol. 3 Pp 35-43, 46-59.

Ronquillo, Wilfredo P. 1998."The Austronesian connection", in KTSFP Vol. 2 Pp. 261-265, 268-273.

Salcedo, Cecilio G. 1998. "The potter’s genius". KTSFP Vol. 2 Pp. 175-181, 184-187.

Salcedo, Cecilio G. 1998. "The ingenius Filipino boat", in KTSFP Vol. 2 Pp. 207-211, 214-219.

Sather, Clifford. 1997. The Bajau Laut. Adaptation, history, and fate in a maritime Fishing society of Southeastern Sabah. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

White, Grainge Walter. (1997). The sea gypsies of Malaya. Bangkok: White Lotus

Alegre, Edilberto N. 1998. "Meeting at the marketplace", in KTSFP Vol. 2 Pp. 148-149.

Anadaya, Leonard. 1999. "Interactions with outside world and adaptation in Southeast Asian society, 1500-1800", in Nicolas Tarling (ed.) Vol. 1 Part 2 Pp. 1-57.

Andaya, Barbara Watson. 1999. "Political development between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries", in Nicolas Tarling (ed.) Vol. 1 Part 2. Pp. 65-68.

Benito, Legarda Jr. 1998. "Opening up the economy"’ in KTSFP Vol. 3 Pp. 219-237.

Christie, John Wisseman. 1990. "Trade and State formation in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, 300 B.C. – A.D. 700 , in TSEAPP. Pp. 39-60.

Dizon, Eusebio Z. 1998. "The metals of civilization"’ in KTSFP Vol. 2. Pp. 113-117, 120-125.

Dizon, Eusebio Z. 1998. "The merchants of prehistory", in KTSFP Vol. 2. Pp. 145-1

Hall, Kenneth R. 1999. "Economic history of early Southeast Asia", in Nicolas Tarling (ed.) Vol. 1 Pp. 183-275.

Heng, Leong Sau, 1990. "Collecting centers feeder points, and entrepôts in the Malay Peninsula, c. 1000 B.C. – A.D. 1400", in TSEAPP. Pp. 17-38

Kathirithamby-Wells, J. 1990. "Introduction: An Overview", in TSEAPP. Pp. 1-16.

Kathirithamby-Wells, J. 1990. "Banten: A west Indonesian port and polity during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries", in TSEAPP. Pp. 107-126.

Rahman, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi bin Nik Abdul. 1990. The Kingdom of Shrivijaya as a socio-political and cultural entity, in TSEAPP. Pp. 61-82.

Reid, Anthony. 1999. "Economic and social change, 1400-1800", in Nicolas Tarling (ed.) Vol. 1 Part 2. Pp. 116-163.

Reid, Anthony. 1993. "The age of commerce, 1440-1650, in Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce", Vol. Expansion and Crisis. Pp. 1-61.

Reid, Anthony. 1993. "The city and its commerce", in Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce Vol. 2 Expansion and Crisis. Pp. 62-131.

Laarhoven, Ruurdje. 1990. "Lords of the great rivers: the Magindanao port and polity during the seventeenth Century", in TSEAPP. Pp. 161-186.

Pombejra, Dhiravat na. 1990. Crown and Trade and court politics in Ayuthaya during the reign of King Narai (1656-88), in TSEAPP. Pp. 127-142.

Singh, Ranjit D.S. 1990. "Brunei and the hinterland of Sabah: commercial and economic relations" in TSEAPP. Pp. 231-245.

Talib, Shaharil. 1990. "The port and polity in Trengganu during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: realizing its potential", in TSEAPP. Pp. 213-230.

Solheim, Wilhelm G. II. 1981. The Philippine Prehistory, in The People and Art of the Philippines. Pp. 17-83.

Valdes, Cynthia Ongpin. 1998. "Shipwrecks and cargoes", in KTSFP Vol. 3 Pp. 238-239.

Villiers, John. 1990. "The cash-crop economy and state formation in the Spice Islands in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries", in TSEAPP. Pp. 83-106.

Villiers, John. 1990. "Makassar: The rise and fall of an East Indonesian maritime trading state, 1512-1669", in EAPP Pp. 143-160.

Warren, James Francis. 1990. "Trade, slave raiding and state formation in the Sulu Sultanate in the nineteenth century", in TSEAPP. Pp. 187-212.

Zayas, Cynthia Neri. 2000. Panday and pandayan: The spread of knowledge and distribution of blacksmith in Eastern Visayas", in Visayan Knowledge and Identity (VMAS III). Pp. 101-125.

_________ et al. 1998. Ilokanong Agdamdamili: buhay, pananaw at kultura sa Vigan" (Ilokano potters: life, worldview and culture in Vigan), in IPEG 4 & 5 (Inisyatibo sa Pag-aaral ng mga Etnolinggwistikong Grupo, Opisina ng Reserts at Debelopment, Kolehyo ng Sosyal Sayans at Pilosopi, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Diliman/Initiative for the Study of Ethnolinguistic Groups in the Philippines, Office for Research and Development, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines, Diliman)

. "Pottery-making in Maripipi", in VMAS II Pp. 111-127.47, 150-55.

Brissenden, Rosemary. 1996. Southeast Asian Food. Australia: Penguin Books.

Dizon, Eusebio Z. 1998. Growing the Asian staple, in KTSFP Vol 2. pp. 77-83, 86-91.

Fernandez, Doreen G. 1998. Food at the very beginning, in KTSFP Vol. 2. Pp. 42-43.

Fernandez, Doreen G. 1998. The staff of the Filipino taste, in KTSFP Vol. 2. Pp. 84-85.

Fernandez, Doreen G. 1998 Pancit, Paella, and the Filipino taste, in KTSFP Vol. 3, Pp. 120-121.

Zayas, Cynthia Neri. 1999. Tungo sa maritimong oryentasyon sa pag-aaral ng lipunan at Kulturang Pilipino" (Towards marritime orientation in the study Philippine Society and culture), in Archipelagic Studies – Charting New Waters. Dilioman: University of the Philippines, edited by J. Batongbakal. CIDS, U.P. Press.

Lecture 1: "Southeast Asian peoples, Arts of …" in Encyclopedia Britannica

Lecture 4: Court Traditions and Islamic-influenced Genres – Sariman, Chua. 1974

Becker, Alton and Aram Yengoyan, eds. 1979. The Imagination of Reality: Essays in Southeast Asian Coherence Systems. New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

Becker, Judith. 1980. Traditional Music in Modern Java. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

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Ibrahim, Shmad, Sharon Siddique and Yasmin Hussain, comp. 1985. Readings on Islam

In Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute on Southeast Asian Studies.

Lester, Robert. 1973. Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Michigan.

The University of Michigan Press.

Lockard, Craig. 1998. Dance of Life: Popular Music and Politics in Southeast Asia. Honolulu: The University of Hawaii Press.

Miettinen, Jukka O. 1992. Classical Dance and Theatre in Southeast Asia. New York: Oxford University Press.

Ness, Sally Ann. 1992. Body, Movement and Culture: Kinesthetic and Visual Symbolism in a Philippine Community. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Osman, Mohd. Taib. 1974. Traditional Drama and Music of Southeast Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Rajadhon, Phya Anuman. (No Date)The Cultures of Thailand. Bangkok: The National Culture Institute.

Rutnin, Mattani Mojdara. 1996. Dance, Drama and Theatre in Thailand. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.

Sedyawati, Edi. ed. Indonesian Heritage: Performing Arts. Singapore: Archipelago Press.

Singer, Noel. 1992. Burmese Puppets. Singapore: Oxford University Press.

Taylor, Eric. 1989. Musical Instruments of Southeast Asia. Singapore: Oxford University Press.

Tenazas, Rosa C.P. 1965. The Santo Nino of Cebu. Manila: Catholic Trade School.

Thanegi, Ma. 1995. The Illusions of Life: Burmese Marionnettes. Bangkok: Orchid Press.

Yupho, Dhanit. 1955. The Preliminary Course of Training in Thai Theatrical Art. Bangkok: The National Culture Institute.

Fernandez, Doreen G. "The Staff of Filipino Life," Kasaysayan, Vol.2, pp.84-85.

____________. 1988. "Betel and Tobacco," pp.42-45.

Lecture 4.

Tarling. 1999. Vol.1. "The Early Kingdoms," pp.137-181.