Antheridial Development from the Isolated Protoplast of Young Gametophyte of Tree Fern Cyathea contaminans (Hook) Copel.: A Scientific Approach to Teaching about Spermatogenesis

Classroom Psychosocial Environment

VOLUME 8    2008

VOLUME 7    2007

VOLUME 6    2006

VOLUME 5    2005

VOLUME 4    2004

VOLUME 3    2003

VOLUME 2    2002

VOLUME 1    2001

Copyright © 2001 NISMED.
For comments/suggestions, email the webmaster.

The Development and Validation of a Classroom Environment Scale for Filipinos

Thelma C. Rivera Pharmaceutical Chemistry  Department College of Pharmacy University of the Philippines  Manila  PHILIPPINES 1101 thelma@kulog.upm.edu.ph

Mildred F. Ganaden College of Education University of the Philippines Diliman  PHILIPPINES 1101 msgana@ced.upd.edu.ph

IntroductionDescription of the Learning Environment Scale (LES)
Construction of the LESValidation of the LESField Testing of the LES
Reliability of the LESThe Factor Analysis
SummaryReferencesAppendices

Abstract

This article describes the development of the classroom environment instrument called the Learning Environment Scale (LES), which is suited for Filipinos. The Filipino LES, unlike foreign instruments, includes the following 16 scales: Participation, Involvement, Friendliness, Satisfaction, Teacher Support, Fairness, Task Orientation, Competition, Time Allotment, Comprehension, Integration, Order and Organization, Rule Clarity, Discipline, Physical Environment, and Innovation. Each item is responded to on a 3-point scale with these alternative responses: True, True Sometimes, and Not True. These are Likert-type scales where alternatives are assigned values of 3, 2 and 1, respectively, for positive statements. The scoring is reversed for responses to the negatively oriented statements. The LES was field tested on a random sample totaling 720 high school chemistry students from 72 randomly selected classes in 12 randomly chosen big schools in Quezon City, Metro Manila's largest city with well over a million inhabitants. The factor analyses of the students' responses to the 76 items of the LES yielded 7 factors. The seven LES factors are: Students' Interest (Factor 1), Teacher Support (Factor II), Fairness and Clarity of Rule and Tasks in the Classroom (Factor III), Teacher Encouragement (Factor IV), Student Participation (Factor V), Classroom Ventilation (Factor VI), and Classroom Space (Factor VII).

IntroductionDescription of the Learning Environment Scale (LES)
Construction of the LESValidation of the LESField Testing of the LES
Reliability of the LESThe Factor Analysis
SummaryReferencesAppendices